Heat oil in a large pot and sauté onion, carrots, and garlic until softened.
Add grated beets and cook for 5 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Stir in chopped cabbage, diced potatoes, and tomato paste.
Pour in beef or vegetable broth and bring to a boil.
Reduce heat and simmer for 30–40 minutes until the vegetables are tender.
Add vinegar or lemon juice, then season with salt and black pepper.
Garnish with fresh dill and sour cream before serving.